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A tadpole person [1] [2] [3] or headfooter [4] [5] is a simplistic representation of a human being as a figure without a torso, with arms and legs attached to the head. Tadpole people appear in young children's drawings before they learn to draw torsos and move on to more realistic depictions such as stick figures .
A tadpole or polliwog (also spelled pollywog) is the larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial. Tadpoles have some fish-like features that may not be found in adult amphibians such as a lateral line, gills and swimming tails.
The tadpole of this species is considered unpalatable to many species that would commonly predate on tadpoles. They also exhibit behaviors to avoid predation. To avoid fish, the tadpoles will move to stream margins in order to make them inaccessible to the fish. The tadpoles will also reduce activity after sensing a fish's chemical cues. [21]
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Tadpoles hatch from these small black and white eggs about 36 hours later; [4] they are only around six millimetres long and feed by filter-feeding. [6] Tadpoles undergo metamorphosis into yellow juveniles and this stage is completed around 45 days after the eggs were laid.
Tadpoles of N. degiustoi constitute the oldest tadpoles found as of 2024, dating back to 168-161 million years ago. These tadpoles also showed adaptations for filter-feeding, implying residence in temporary pools by filter-feeding larvae was already commonplace. [37] The evolution of modern Anura likely was complete by the Jurassic period.
As tadpoles, the squirrel tree frog is preyed upon by dragonfly nymphs, giant water bugs, predatory fish and newts. [2] [3] Once the tadpoles metamorphose, the predators of the frogs change to small mammals, other frogs, snakes, birds. [2] To reduce the danger of being eaten as tadpoles, they use dense vegetation as cover. [4]
In 2002, she published a book called Tadpoles of South-Eastern Australia which won a Whitley Award. [2] Anstis published a children's book, Frogs and Tadpoles of Australia in 2007. [3] She submitted her book, Tadpoles and Frogs of Australia as her PhD thesis at Newcastle University in 2012. [1] [4] It was then published in 2013 by New Holland ...