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The gut microbiota can vary between research facilities which can be a confounder in experiments and be a cause of lack of reproducibility. [24] Several control microbiomes have been developed which correct the major health defects commonly present in germ free animals and can act as a reproducible control community.
Rodents (primarily mice and rats) are the most common mammalian model systems used for studying gnotobiosis and are widely used to study human health relating to the gut and interactions between microorganisms and their host; however, recently there has been a rise in using gnotobiotic mice to study interactions between different microorganisms ...
Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. [1] [2] The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota. [3] [4] The gut is the main location of the human microbiome. [5]
Microbiota include bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses, [2] [3] and have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal, and metabolic homeostasis of their host. The term microbiome describes either the collective genomes of the microbes that reside in an ecological niche or else the microbes themselves. [4] [5] [6]
The microbiota comprises all living members forming the microbiome. Most microbiome researchers agree bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, and small protists should be considered as members of the microbiome. [64] [1] The integration of phages, viruses, plasmids, and mobile genetic elements is a more controversial issue in the definition of the ...
Multi-omics studies allow for functional analysis of microbiota. [19] Animal models can be used to take more accurate samples of the in situ microbiome. Germ-free animals are used to implant a specific microbiome from another organism to yield a gnotobiotic model. These can be studied to see how it changes under different environmental conditions.
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