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Methotrexate was originally developed and continues to be used for chemotherapy, either alone or in combination with other agents.It is effective for the treatment of several cancers, including solid tumours of breast, head and neck, lung, bladder, as well as acute lymphocytic leukemias, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, osteosarcoma, and choriocarcinoma and other trophoblastic neoplasms.
The most popular type of CNS prophylactic drug is methotrexate (MTX), an antimetabolite and immunomodulator known to fight lymphoma by interfering with cell growth and division. Contrary to systemic treatments, delivery of MTX to its target site is relatively difficult, due to the drug-expelling properties of the blood-brain barrier via P ...
Seizures and VOD are serious concerns with busulfan therapy and prophylaxis is often utilized to avoid these effects. Hepatic VOD is a dose-limiting toxicity. Symptoms of VOD include weight gain, elevated bilirubin, painful hepatomegaly, and edema. The reason busulfan causes VOD is mostly unknown and can be deadly.
Both high-folate diets and supplemental folic acid may help reduce the toxic side-effects of low-dose methotrexate without decreasing its effectiveness. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Anyone taking low-dose methotrexate for the health problems listed above should consult with a physician about the need for a folic acid supplement.
[2] [3] For acute lymphocytic leukemia it is generally used with methotrexate. [2] It is taken orally. [2] Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, liver toxicity, vomiting, and loss of appetite. [2] Other serious side effects include an increased risk of future cancer and pancreatitis. [2]
Folate supplementation is beneficial in patients being treated with long-term, low-dose methotrexate for inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or psoriasis, to avoid macrocytic anemia caused by folate deficiency. Folate is often also supplemented before some high dose chemotherapy treatments in an effort to protect healthy ...
Adverse effects should be monitored regularly with toxicity including gastrointestinal, hematologic, pulmonary, and hepatic. [123] Side effects such as nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain can be reduced by taking folic acid. [126] Rituximab combined with methotrexate appears to be more effective in improving symptoms compared to methotrexate ...
One whole grapefruit, or a small glass (200 mL, 6.8 US fl oz) of grapefruit juice, can cause drug overdose toxicity. [1] Fruit consumed three days before the medicine can still have an effect. [5] The relative risks of different types of citrus fruit have not been systematically studied. [1]