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  2. Systolic heart murmur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systolic_heart_murmur

    **Subvalvular aortic stenosis is usually due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), with murmur loudest over the left sternal border or the apex. The murmur in HCM increases in intensity with a standing position as well as straining with Valsalva maneuver. Mid-systolic ejection Pulmonic outflow obstruction (Pulmonic stenosis) A harsh murmur ...

  3. Gallavardin phenomenon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallavardin_phenomenon

    The presence of a murmur at the apex can be misinterpreted as mitral regurgitation. However, the apical murmur of the Gallavardin phenomenon does not radiate to the left axilla and is accentuated by a slowing of the heart rate (such as a compensatory pause after a premature beat) whereas the mitral regurgitation murmur does not change. [2]

  4. Heart murmur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_murmur

    Signs of infants associated with serious cases of PDA are poor feeding, failure to thrive and respiratory distress. Other examination findings may include widened pulse pressures and bounding pulses. A machinery murmur is also known as a Gibson murmur. [20] Systolic murmur loudest below the left scapula Classic for a coarctation of the aorta.

  5. Levine scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levine_scale

    A loud murmur with a thrill. A loud murmur with a thrill. The murmur is so loud that it is audible with only the rim of the stethoscope touching the chest. A loud murmur with a thrill. The murmur is audible with the stethoscope not touching the chest but lifted just off it. The Levine scaling system persists as the gold standard for grading ...

  6. Cardiac examination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_examination

    diastolic murmurs (e.g. aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis) systolic murmurs (e.g. aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation) pericardial rub (suggestive of pericarditis) The base of the lungs should be auscultated for signs of pulmonary oedema due to a cardiac cause such as bilateral basal crepitations.

  7. Cardiac physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_physiology

    Heart murmurs are abnormal heart sounds which can be either pathological or benign and there are numerous kinds. [10] Murmurs are graded by volume, from 1) the quietest, to 6) the loudest, and evaluated by their relationship to the heart sounds and position in the cardiac cycle. [9] Phonocardiograms can record these sounds. [1]

  8. Fourth heart sound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_heart_sound

    When loud, it is a sign of a pathologic state, [6] usually a failing left ventricle. If the problem lies with the left ventricle, the gallop rhythm will be heard best at the cardiac apex. It will become more apparent with exercise, with the patient lying on the left-hand side, or with the patient holding expiration.

  9. Mitral valve prolapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_valve_prolapse

    Upon auscultation of an individual with mitral valve prolapse, a mid-systolic click, followed by a late systolic murmur heard best at the apex, is common. The length of the murmur signifies the time period over which blood is leaking back into the left atrium, known as regurgitation. A murmur that lasts throughout the whole of systole is known ...

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