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The non-canonical books referenced in the Bible includes non-Biblical cultures and lost works of known or unknown status. By the "Bible" is meant those books recognized by Christians and Jews as being part of Old Testament (or Tanakh) as well as those recognized by most Christians as being part of the Biblical apocrypha or of the Deuterocanon.
List of proposed Assyrian references to Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) Model of Jerusalem in the Late 2nd Temple Period; Near Eastern archaeology; Nag Hammadi library – early Christian gnostic papyri. Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible; Oxyrhynchus Papyri – collection of Old and New Testament papyri, Apocryphal works and works of Philo
These are biblical figures unambiguously identified in contemporary sources according to scholarly consensus.Biblical figures that are identified in artifacts of questionable authenticity, for example the Jehoash Inscription and the bullae of Baruch ben Neriah, or who are mentioned in ancient but non-contemporary documents, such as David and Balaam, [n 1] are excluded from this list.
A related term for non-canonical apocryphal texts whose authorship seems incorrect is pseudepigrapha, a term that means "false attribution". [3] In Christianity, the name "the Apocrypha" is applied to a particular set of books which, when they appear in a Bible, are sometimes placed between the Old and New Testaments in a section called ...
For example, the Trullan Synod of 691–692, which Pope Sergius I (in office 687–701) rejected [43] (see also Pentarchy), endorsed the following lists of canonical writings: the Apostolic Canons (c. 385), the Synod of Laodicea (c. 363), the Third Synod of Carthage (c. 397), and the 39th Festal Letter of Athanasius (367). [44]
The Gospel of Thomas (also known as the Coptic Gospel of Thomas) is a non-canonical [1] sayings gospel. It was discovered near Nag Hammadi, Egypt, in 1945 among a group of books known as the Nag Hammadi library. Scholars speculate the works were buried in response to a letter from Bishop Athanasius declaring a strict canon of Christian scripture.
The earliest lists of canonical works of the New Testament were not quite the same as modern lists; for example, the Book of Revelation was regarded as disputed by some Christians (see Antilegomena), while the Shepherd of Hermas was considered genuine by others, and appears (after the Book of Revelation) in the Codex Sinaiticus. [citation needed]
The Book of the Wars of the LORD (Hebrew: ספר מלחמת יהוה, romanized: sêp̄er milḥămōṯ Yahweh) is one of several non-canonical books referenced in the Bible which have now been completely lost. [1] It is mentioned in Numbers 21:13–14, which reads: