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Free-standing single-crystal CVD diamond disc Colorless gem cut from diamond grown by chemical vapor deposition See also: Synthetic diamond § Chemical vapor deposition CVD can be used to produce a synthetic diamond by creating the circumstances necessary for carbon atoms in a gas to settle on a substrate in crystalline form.
In the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique, reactant gases are combined at elevated temperatures in the reactor to cause a chemical interaction, resulting in the deposition of materials on the substrate. A reactor is a chamber made of a material that does not react with the chemicals being used.
The vapor–liquid–solid method (VLS) is a mechanism for the growth of one-dimensional structures, such as nanowires, from chemical vapor deposition. The growth of a crystal through direct adsorption of a gas phase on to a solid surface is generally very slow.
When the vapor source is a liquid or solid, the process is called physical vapor deposition (PVD), [3] which is used in semiconductor devices, thin-film solar panels, and glass coatings. [4] When the source is a chemical vapor precursor, the process is called chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that contributes in a chemical reaction and produces another compound, or a chemical substance that gives rise to another more significant chemical product. Since several years metal-organic compounds are widely used as molecular precursors for the chemical vapor deposition process (MOCVD).
Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F, OH) 2. It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [ 7 ]
Epitaxy can involve single-crystal structures, although grain-to-grain epitaxy has been observed in granular films. [1] [2] For most technological applications, single-domain epitaxy, which is the growth of an overlayer crystal with one well-defined orientation with respect to the substrate crystal, is preferred. Epitaxy can also play an ...
Molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) is an epitaxy method for thin-film deposition of single crystals. MBE is widely used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices , including transistors . [ 1 ] MBE is used to make diodes and MOSFETs (MOS field-effect transistors ) at microwave frequencies, and to manufacture the lasers used to read optical discs ...