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In mineralogy, an inclusion is any material trapped inside a mineral during its formation. In gemology , it is an object enclosed within a gemstone or reaching its surface from the interior. [ 1 ] According to James Hutton 's law of inclusions, fragments included in a host rock are older than the host rock itself.
The timing of mineral crystallization can be used to categorize diamond inclusions into three types: protogenetic, syngenetic, and epigenetic inclusions. [14] Minerals in the protogenetic inclusions were crystallized earlier than the diamond formation. The host diamond encapsulated pre-existing minerals during its crystallization.
A study of sodium-rich quartz-alkali feldspar—biotite gneiss granulite facies terrane in the Kerala Khondalite Belt near Manali in south India found that in situ leucosomes (light colored segregations) within the gneiss showed the development of garnet replacing the dark biotite. The study indicated localized melting or migmatization within ...
The most common mineral inclusion in peridot is the chromium-rich mineral chromite. Magnesium-rich minerals also can exist in the form of pyrope and magnesiochromite. These two types of mineral inclusions are typically surrounded "lily-pad" cleavages. Biotite flakes appear flat, brown, translucent, and tabular. [16]
Color index, as a geological term, is a measure of the ratio between generally dark mafic minerals and generally light felsic minerals in an igneous rock. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The color index of an igneous rock is the volume percentage of mafic minerals in the rock, excluding minerals generally regarded as "colorless" such as apatite , muscovite ...
Breyite is a high pressure calcium silicate mineral (CaSiO 3) found in diamond inclusions. [3] [4] It is the second most abundant inclusion after ferropericlase, for diamonds with a deep Earth origin. [5] [4] Its occurrence can also indicate the host diamond's super-deep origin. This mineral is named after German mineralogist, petrologist and ...
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Hydrothermal ore minerals, which typically form from high temperature aqueous solutions, trap tiny bubbles of liquids or gases when cooling and forming solid rock. The trapped fluid in an inclusion preserves a record of the composition, temperature and pressure of the mineralizing environment. [1] An inclusion often contains two or more phases ...