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2. Separatory funnel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separatory_funnel

   To use a separating funnel, the two phases and the mixture to be separated in solution are added through the top with the stopcock at the bottom closed. The funnel is then closed and shaken gently by inverting the funnel multiple times; if the two solutions are mixed together too vigorously emulsions will form.

3. Liquid–liquid extraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid–liquid_extraction

   A separatory funnel used for liquid–liquid extraction, as evident by the two immiscible liquids.. Liquid–liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).

4. Decantation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decantation

   This separation can be done by pouring oil out of the container, leaving water behind. [2] Generally, this technique gives an incomplete separation as it is difficult to pour off all of the top layer without pouring out some parts of the bottom layer. A separatory funnel is an alternative apparatus for separating liquid layers. [2]

5. Countercurrent distribution - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countercurrent_distribution

   This occurs in five steps: 1) preparation of the separatory funnel with the two phase solvent system, 2) introduction of the compound mixture into the separatory funnel, 3) vigorous shaking of the separatory funnel to mix the two layers and allow for mass transfer of compounds in and out of the phases, 4) The contents of the separatory funnel ...

6. Extraction (chemistry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraction_(chemistry)

   Laboratory-scale liquid-liquid extraction. Photograph of a separatory funnel in a laboratory scale extraction of 2 immiscible liquids: liquids are a diethyl ether upper phase, and a lower aqueous phase. Soxhlet extractor. Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. The distribution ...

7. Laboratory funnel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_funnel

   A funnel for hot filtration Two funnels, A - a simple stemmed funnel. B - a ground glass powder funnel. Plain funnels exist in various dimensions, with longer or shorter necks. Filter funnels have a neck of a thin capillary tube and ribs which increase the filter-papers' effectiveness and thus accelerate the process of filtering. [1]

8. Acid–base extraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_extraction

   Only one layer is observed in the separatory funnel. This is due to using an organic solvent with significant miscibility with water (e.g. acetonitrile). The organic solvent used must be water-insoluble to observe phase separation and perform an acid-base extraction. [9] Three layers form in the separatory funnel.

9. Filter funnel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_funnel

   A filter funnel is a laboratory funnel used for separating solids from liquids via the laboratory process of filtering. [1] In order to achieve this, a cone-like shaped piece of filter paper is usually folded into a cone and placed within the funnel. The suspension of solid and liquid is then poured through the funnel.