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Though support exists for using the BAI with high-school students and psychiatric inpatient samples of ages 14 to 18 years, [26] the recently developed diagnostic tool, Beck Youth Inventories, Second Edition, contains an anxiety inventory of 20 questions specifically designed for children and adolescents ages 7 to 18 years old. [27]
A student's metacognitive beliefs play an important role in the maintenance of negative self-beliefs. [21] Anxiety reactions can be generalized from previous experiences to testing situations. [34] Feelings of inadequacy, helplessness, anticipations of punishment or loss of status and esteem manifest anxiety responses.
The PANAS for Children (PANAS-C) was developed in an attempt to differentiate the affective expressions of anxiety and depression in children. The tripartite model on which this measure is based suggests that high levels of negative affect is present in those with anxiety and depression, but high levels of positive affect is not shared between the two.
The ASEBA was created by Thomas Achenbach in 1966 as a response to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-I). [3] This first edition of the DSM contained information on only 60 disorders; the only two childhood disorders considered were Adjustment Reaction of Childhood and Schizophrenic Reaction, Childhood Type.
In psychology, stress is a feeling of emotional strain and pressure. [1] Stress is a form of psychological and mental discomfort. Small amounts of stress may be beneficial, as it can improve athletic performance, motivation and reaction to the environment.
For example, in the Goal Progress Theory, rumination is conceptualized not as a reaction to a mood state, but as a "response to failure to progress satisfactorily towards a goal". [3] According to multiple studies, rumination is a mechanism that develops and sustains psychopathology conditions such as anxiety, depression, and other negative ...
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Personal Distress – measures "self-oriented" feelings of personal anxiety and unease in tense interpersonal settings. Example questions: 11. I sometimes try to understand my friends better by imagining how things look from their perspective. 28. Before criticizing somebody, I try to imagine how I would feel if I were in their place.