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Peter of Verona, 1252 by Cathars - Canonized 11 months after his death; the fastest in history. Martyrs of Sandomierz, 1260; Antonio Pavoni, 1374 by Waldensians; Tsar Lazar, 1389 [75] Nicholas Tavelic, 1391; John of Nepomuk, 1393 [76] Jan Huss (1415) and Jerome of Prague (1416) - executed for heresy by the Roman Catholic Council of Constance
The victims of crucifixion were stripped naked [29] [84] and put on public display [85] [86] while they were slowly tortured to death so that they would serve as a spectacle and an example. [82] [83] According to Roman law, if a slave killed his or her owner, all of the owner's slaves would be crucified as punishment. [87] Both men and women ...
Judith Perkins has written that many ancient Christians believed that "to be a Christian was to suffer," [31] partly inspired by the example of Jesus. The lives of the martyrs became a source of inspiration for some Christians, and their relics were honored. Numerous crypts and chapels in the Roman catacombs bear witness to the early veneration ...
In the early Church, many Christians hung a cross on the eastern wall of their house in order to indicate the eastward direction of prayer. [15] [16] Prayer in front of a crucifix, which is seen as a sacramental, is often part of devotion for Christians, especially those worshipping in a church, also privately. The person may sit, stand, or ...
Historian Robert Irwin points out that “Christians living under Muslim rule suffered during the crusading period. They were suspected of acting as spies or fifth columns for the Franks and later the Mongols as well.” According to Coptic chronicles, Saladin had many Christians in Egypt crucified in revenge against his Crusader enemies. [148]
Socrates Scholasticus Church History of 305-438; Sozomen Church History of 323-425; 451 Council of Chalcedon, 4th ecumenical, declared Jesus is a Hypostatic Union: both human and divine in one (Chalcedonian Creed), rejected by Oriental Orthodoxy; 455 Sack of Rome by the Vandals.
Ten thousand martyrs may refer to the ten thousand martyred Fathers in the Deserts and caves of Scete by Theophilus of Alexandria or to the ten thousand martyrs of Mount Ararat who were, according to a medieval legend, Roman soldiers who, led by Saint Acacius, converted to Christianity and were crucified on Mount Ararat by order of the Roman emperor.
This account of persecution is part of a general theme of anti-Christian persecution by both Romans and Jews, one that starts with the Pharisee rejection of Jesus's ministry, the cleansing of the Temple, and continues on with his trial before the High Priest, his crucifixion, and the Pharisees' refusal to accept him as the Jewish messiah.