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A G-type main-sequence star (spectral type: G-V), also often, and imprecisely, called a yellow dwarf, or G star, is a main-sequence star (luminosity class V) of spectral type G. Such a star has about 0.9 to 1.1 solar masses and an effective temperature between about 5,300 and 6,000 K (5,000 and 5,700 °C; 9,100 and 10,000 °F).
Additionally, astronomers have found 6 white dwarfs (stars that have exhausted all fusible hydrogen), 21 brown dwarfs, as well as 1 sub-brown dwarf, WISE 0855−0714 (possibly a rogue planet). The closest system is Alpha Centauri , with Proxima Centauri as the closest star in that system, at 4.2465 light-years from Earth.
Below there are lists the nearest stars separated by spectral type. The scope of the list is still restricted to the main sequence spectral types: M, K, F, G, A, B and O. It may be later expanded to other types, such as S, D or C. The Alpha Centauri star system is the closest star system to the Sun.
Dwarf star with no other qualification generally refers to a main-sequence star, a star of luminosity class V: main-sequence stars (dwarfs). Example: Achernar (B6Vep) [2] Red dwarfs are low-mass main-sequence stars. Yellow dwarfs are main-sequence (dwarf) stars with masses comparable to that of the Sun. Orange dwarfs are K-type main-sequence stars.
The following is a list of particularly notable actual or hypothetical stars that have their own articles in Wikipedia, but are not included in the lists above. BPM 37093 — a diamond star Cygnus X-1 — X-ray source
Yellow dwarf stars correspond to the G-class stars of the main sequence, with a mass between 0.9 and 1.1 M☉, [2] and surface temperatures between 5000 and 6000 K. [3] Since the Sun itself is a yellow dwarf, of type G2V, [11] these types of stars are also known as solar analogs.
The red dwarf stars are considered the smallest stars known, and representative of the smallest star possible. [64] [65] [66] Brown dwarf: WISEA 1810−1010: 0.067 0.655 7.29 46,840 km (29,110 mi) Brown dwarfs are not massive enough to build up the pressure in the central regions to allow nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium.
These are dwarfs in that they are smaller than giant stars, but are not necessarily less luminous. For example, a blue O-type dwarf star is brighter than most red giants. Main-sequence stars belong to luminosity class V. There are also other objects called dwarfs known as white dwarfs. These are not main-sequence stars but stellar remnants.