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Ian Oswald (4 August 1929 – 25 April 2012) was a sleep researcher and psychiatrist. [1] ... gaining a First Class Honours degree in the Part 2 Tripos in Psychology.
Attention restoration theory (ART) asserts that people can concentrate better after spending time in nature, or even looking at scenes of nature. Natural environments abound with "soft fascinations" which a person can reflect upon in "effortless attention", such as clouds moving across the sky, leaves rustling in a breeze or water bubbling over rocks in a stream.
This includes "drive theory, the central role of infantile sexuality, the Oedipus complex, the relationship between conflict, defense and resistance, working things through, "and almost all the principles of technique handed down by Freud." [10] The book places the self in the center of the psychological experience and the psychoanalytical theory.
Their work on "restorative environments" and Attention Restoration Theory influenced how landscape and design professionals and others view humanity's relationship with nature. The Kaplans got involved in studying the effects of nature on people in the 1970s with a US Forest Service grant to evaluate a challenge program in Michigan's wilderness.
The term reparation was used by Melanie Klein (1921) to indicate a psychological process of making mental repairs to a damaged internal world. [1] In object relations theory, it represents a key part of the movement from the paranoid-schizoid position to the depressive position — the pain of the latter helping to fuel the urge to reparation.
Three Principles Psychology (TPP), previously known as Health Realization (HR), is a resiliency approach to personal and community psychology [1] first developed in the 1980s by Roger C. Mills and George Pransky, who were influenced by the teachings of philosopher and author Sydney Banks. [2]
Freud often shared his view that he did not need empirical evidence for his theory, because he simply knew it is true. [7] [8] Another pioneer was John B. Watson (1913). Watson founded the theory of behaviorism in psychology through the article "Psychology as a Behaviorist Views It". Although Behaviorism has a strong emphasis on empirical ...
Jack Brehm and Sharon Brehm later developed psychological reactance theory [1] and discussed its applications. [9] They also listed a series of reactions reactance can evoke in addition to the boomerang effect, which includes but is not limited to related boomerang effect, [10] [11] indirect restoration [1] or vicarious boomerang effects. [10] [11]