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The axiom of choice allows us to select a single element from each set, forming a corresponding family of elements (x i) also indexed over the real numbers, with x i drawn from S i. In general, the collections may be indexed over any set I, (called index set whose elements are used as indices for elements in a set) not just R.
Selection (linguistics), the ability of predicates to determine the semantic content of their arguments Selection in schools , the admission of students on the basis of selective criteria Selection effect , a distortion of data arising from the way that the data are collected
Selection mechanisms are also used to choose candidate solutions (individuals) for the next generation. Retaining the best individuals in a generation unchanged in the next generation, is called elitism or elitist selection. It is a successful (slight) variant of the general process of constructing a new population.
The Wason selection task (or four-card problem) is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966. [1] [2] [3] It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. [4] An example of the puzzle is: You are shown a set of four cards placed on a table, each of which has a number on one side and a color on the other.
The cause or mechanisms of these process of change, that are examined and explained by evolutionary theories. Thomson remarks: "Change over time is a fact, and descent from common ancestors is based on such unassailable logic that we act as though it is a fact. Natural selection provides the outline of an explanatory theory." [8]
An intermediate logic obtained by adding all instances of weak excluded middle to propositional logic. [174] [175] Also called "KC" and "Jankov's logic". [175] logical antirealism The philosophical position that logical truths do not correspond to an independent reality but are instead products of human conventions, language, or thought ...
A bidirectional variant of selection sort (called double selection sort or sometimes cocktail sort due to its similarity to cocktail shaker sort) finds both the minimum and maximum values in the list in every pass. This requires three comparisons per two items (a pair of elements is compared, then the greater is compared to the maximum and the ...
The selection rules may differ according to the technique used to observe the transition. The selection rule also plays a role in chemical reactions, where some are formally spin-forbidden reactions, that is, reactions where the spin state changes at least once from reactants to products.