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  2. Potassium permanganate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_permanganate

    A weak acid such as carbonic acid is sufficient for this reaction: 3 K 2 MnO 4 + 2 CO 2 2 KMnO 4 + 2 K 2 CO 3 + MnO 2 {\displaystyle {\ce {3 K2MnO4 + 2 CO2 -> 2 KMnO4 + 2 K2CO3 + MnO2}}} Permanganate salts may also be generated by treating a solution of Mn 2+ ions with strong oxidants such as lead dioxide (PbO 2 ), sodium bismuthate (NaBiO 3 ...

  3. Methanogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanogenesis

    Methanogenesis is the final step in the decay of organic matter. During the decay process, electron acceptors (such as oxygen, ferric iron, sulfate, and nitrate) become depleted, while hydrogen (H 2) and carbon dioxide accumulate. Light organics produced by fermentation also accumulate. During advanced stages of organic decay, all electron ...

  4. Soil formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_formation

    Plants can form new chemicals that can break down minerals, both directly [101] and indirectly through mycorrhizal fungi [25] and rhizosphere bacteria, [102] and improve the soil structure. [103] The type and amount of vegetation depend on climate, topography, soil characteristics and biological factors, mediated or not by human activities.

  5. Methanogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanogen

    For instance, a recently identified species Candidatus Methanothrix paradoxum common in wetlands and soil can function in anoxic microsites within aerobic environments [14] but it is sensitive to the presence of oxygen even at trace level and cannot usually sustain oxygen stress for a prolonged time.

  6. Anaerobic digestion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion

    Many microorganisms affect anaerobic digestion, including acetic acid-forming bacteria and methane-forming archaea (methanogens). These organisms promote a number of chemical processes in converting the biomass to biogas. [13] Gaseous oxygen is excluded from the reactions by physical containment.

  7. Permanganate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganate

    A permanganate can oxidize an amine to a nitro compound, [7] [8] an alcohol to a ketone, [9] an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid, [10] [11] a terminal alkene to a carboxylic acid, [12] oxalic acid to carbon dioxide, [13] and an alkene to a diol. [14] This list is not exhaustive. In alkene oxidations one intermediate is a cyclic Mn(V) species: [15]

  8. Is It a Cowlick or Balding? How to Tell the Difference - AOL

    www.aol.com/cowlick-balding-tell-difference...

    Cowlick vs. Balding: Key Differences. A cowlick differs from a bald spot in a couple key ways.. First, a cowlick is a natural, normal feature of your scalp that occurs as a result of your genes.

  9. Soil microbiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_Microbiology

    These bacteria could fix nitrogen, in time multiplied, and as a result released oxygen into the atmosphere. [2] [3] This led to more advanced microorganisms, [4] [5] which are important because they affect soil structure and fertility. Soil microorganisms can be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. Each of these ...