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The following have been identified as risk factors for placenta previa: Previous placenta previa (recurrence rate 4–8%), [13] caesarean delivery, [14] myomectomy [10] or endometrium damage caused by D&C. [13] Women who are younger than 20 are at higher risk and women older than 35 are at increasing risk as they get older.
24 to 26 weeks of pregnancy [2] Causes: Unclear [2] Risk factors: Smoking, preeclampsia, prior abruption [2] Diagnostic method: Based on symptoms, ultrasound [1] Differential diagnosis: Placenta previa, bloody show, chorioamnionitis [3] Treatment: Bed rest, delivery [1] Medication: Corticosteroids [1] Frequency ~0.7% of pregnancies [2]
Placenta previa is a condition that occurs when the placenta fully or partially covers the cervix. [13] Placenta previa can be further categorized into complete previa, partial previa, marginal previa, and low-lying placenta, depending on the degree to which the placenta covers the internal cervical os.
Placenta praevia or vasa praevia refers to the placenta or fetal blood vessels, respectively, covering or being located close to the opening of the uterus. More than half of women affected by placenta praevia (51.6)% have bleeding before delivery. [12] Vasa praevia occurs in about 0.6 per 1000 pregnancies. [13]
April Salazar chose to have an abortion at 21 weeks gestation after doctors discovered a lethal birth defect. She shares her story with Yahoo Life.
Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
Types 1 and 2 are classified as minor placental praevia as these typically result in minor antepartum haemorrhaging. Types 3 and 4 are referred to as major placental praevia due to the risk of heavy haemorrhaging in the case of a rupture due to the location of placental attachment. [7]
Placenta previa: the placenta is attached to the uterine wall close to or covering the cervix; Preterm birth: babies are born less than 37 weeks of their full gestational age. Premature newborns can suffer from immature lungs that is associated with respiratory complications. [41]