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Phosphorescence is a type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence. When exposed to light (radiation) of a shorter wavelength, a phosphorescent substance will glow, absorbing the light and reemitting it at a longer wavelength. Unlike fluorescence, a phosphorescent material does not immediately reemit the radiation it absorbs.
Unlike with fluorescence, in phosphorescence the electron retains stability, emitting light that continues to "glow in the dark" even after the stimulating light source has been removed. [24] For example, glow-in-the-dark stickers are phosphorescent, but there are no truly biophosphorescent animals known.
Jablonski diagram including vibrational levels for absorbance, non-radiative decay, and fluorescence. When a molecule absorbs a photon, the photon energy is converted and increases the molecule's internal energy level. Likewise, when an excited molecule releases energy, it can do so in the form of a photon.
Fluorescence, Phosphorescence; CRT Phosphor Characteristics (P numbers) Composition of CRT phosphors; Silicon-based oxynitride and nitride phosphors for white LEDs—A review; Archived 2023-04-10 at the Wayback Machine & Archived 2023-04-10 at the Wayback Machine – RCA Manual, Fluorescent screens (P1 to P24)
Phosphorescence is a property of materials to absorb light and emit the energy several milliseconds or more later (due to forbidden transitions to the ground state of a triplet state, while fluorescence occurs in excited singlet states). Until recently, this was not applicable to life science research due to the size of the inorganic particles.
This triplet state can relax to the ground state S 0 by radiationless ISC or by a radiation pathway called phosphorescence. This process implies a change of electronic spin, which is forbidden by spin selection rules, making phosphorescence (from T 1 to S 0) much slower than fluorescence (from S 1 to S 0). Thus, triplet states generally have ...
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Processes such as fluorescence and phosphorescence are examples of intramolecular deactivation processes. An intermolecular deactivation is where the presence of another chemical species can accelerate the decay rate of a chemical in its excited state. In general, this process can be represented by a simple equation: