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The right of abode (ROA) is an immigration status in the United Kingdom that gives a person the unrestricted right to enter and live in the UK. [1] It was introduced by the Immigration Act 1971 which went into effect on 1 January 1973.
The right of abode is an individual's freedom from immigration control in a particular country.A person who has the right of abode in a country does not need permission from the government to enter the country and can live and work there without restriction, and is immune from removal and deportation (unless the right of abode has been revoked).
[54] [55] [56] British subjects only have right of abode in the UK if they were born to at least one British subject parent who themself was born in the UK or, if they are female, were married to a person with right of abode before 1983. [57] Almost every person who still retains British subject status has UK right of abode.
However, since 2002, almost all BOTCs are also British citizens and have UK right of abode. [57] When exercising that right and entering the UK for a period of more than six months, they must travel with British citizen passports or other valid passports endorsed with a certificate of entitlement for right of abode. [58]
United Kingdom grants right of abode to Commonwealth citizens whose parents or spouses possessed right of abode, and under the Windrush scheme [50] [51] The UK Ancestry visa is also limited to Commonwealth citizens (with grandparents born in the UK).
The Act sought to restore once again the link between citizenship and right of abode by providing that British citizenship—held by those with a close connection with either the United Kingdom or with the Crown Dependencies (that is to say, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands), or both—would automatically carry a right of abode in the UK ...
All British Overseas Territories citizens (apart from those solely connected with the Sovereign Base Areas of Cyprus) were granted British citizenship on 21 May 2002, and hence should have right of abode in the UK. They can only exercise this full right of abode if entering the UK on a British Citizen passport or with a BOTC passport endorsed ...
British Overseas citizens are subject to immigration controls and have neither the right of abode or the right to work in the United Kingdom. [40] BOCs are required to pay an immigration health surcharge to access National Health Service benefits when residing in the UK for longer than six months. [58]