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Previous Page: sort the data in the reverse order, select only the first {rows} rows, where the {unique_key} is less than {first_val} (the value of the {unique_key} of the first row in the current page), and sort the result in the correct order; Read and send to display all the rows read from the database
However, SELECT COUNT(*) can't count the number of null columns. The query is unselective The number of return rows is too large and takes nearly 100% in the whole table. These rows are unselective. The table statistics does not update The number of rows in the table is higher than before, but table statistics haven't been updated yet. The ...
SQL includes operators and functions for calculating values on stored values. SQL allows the use of expressions in the select list to project data, as in the following example, which returns a list of books that cost more than 100.00 with an additional sales_tax column containing a sales tax figure calculated at 6% of the price.
An ORDER BY clause in SQL specifies that a SQL SELECT statement returns a result set with the rows being sorted by the values of one or more columns. The sort criteria does not have to be included in the result set (restrictions apply for SELECT DISTINCT, GROUP BY, UNION [DISTINCT], EXCEPT [DISTINCT] and INTERSECT [DISTINCT].)
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
Consider the following SQL statement: SELECT first_name FROM people WHERE last_name = 'Smith';. To process this statement without an index the database software must look at the last_name column on every row in the table (this is known as a full table scan ).
SQL term Relational database term Description Row: Tuple or record: A data set representing a single item Column: Attribute or field: A labeled element of a tuple, e.g. "Address" or "Date of birth" Table: Relation or Base relvar: A set of tuples sharing the same attributes; a set of columns and rows View or result set: Derived relvar
To SELECT one row of data from a table called tab with a primary key column (pk) set to 100 — use the condition pk = 100: SELECT * FROM tab WHERE pk = 100 To identify whether a table tab has rows of data with a duplicated column dk — use the condition having count(*) > 1 :