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'four emanations'), is an ancient Indian religious concept initially focusing on the four earthly emanations of the Supreme deity Nārāyaṇa, [1] and later Viṣṇu. [4] The first of these emanations is the hero-god Vāsudeva , with the other emanations being his kinsmen presented as extensions of Vāsudeva himself. [ 1 ]
The Caturvyūha, showing the four emanation of Nārāyaṇa, [5] or later Vishnu. [6] Vāsudeva is four-armed, and is fittingly in the center with his decorated heavy mace on the side and holding a conch, his elder brother Balarama to his right under a serpent hood, his son Pradyumna to his left (lost), and his grandson Aniruddha on top. [6]
The Vishnudharmottara Purana calls him Vishnu-Vaikuntha. [6] The icon may be called Chaturvyuha ("having four vyuhas"), when identified with the four manifestations or vyuhas of Vishnu. [3] Vaikuntha generally refers to Vishnu's abode, but in the Mahabharata and the Puranas, this term is also used as an epithet of Vishnu. [7]
The Vrishni heroes for the most part became avatars of Vishnu, and were incorporated in the Vaishnavite system from the 4th century CE. [70] [74] The avatars were combined in the Vishnu statuary from this time, in statues known as Vaikuntha Chaturmurti. [70] Saṃkarṣaṇa came to be associated with the lion, which is his theriomorphic aspect.
In Sri Vaishnavism, Vishnu-Narayana is supreme, while Vāsudeva, Samkarsana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha are the four Vyuhas. In Gaudiya Vaishnavism, the Vyuha theory is more complex, Krishna (Vāsudeva) is "Svayam Bhagavan" (the ultimate or Para Brahman) who manifests as Vyuhas, and he along with Samkarsana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha are the Vyuhas ...
Vishnu, for example, is the source of creator deity Brahma in the Vaishnavism-focussed Purana texts. Vishnu's iconography and a Hindu myth typically shows Brahma being born in a lotus emerging from his navel, who then is described as creating the world [107] or all the forms in the universe, but not the primordial universe itself. [108]
[4] The Harivamsa describes the chaturvyuha, consisisting of the Vrishni heroes Vāsudeva, Samkarsana, Pradyumna, and Aniruddha, that would later be the basis for the Vaishnava concept of primary quadrupled expansion, or avatara. Pradyumna is also another name of the Hindu god Vishnu, mentioned to be one of the 24 Keshava Namas (names).
Vaikuntha (Sanskrit: वैकुण्ठ, romanized: Vaikuṇṭha, lit. 'without anxiety'), [1] also called Vishnuloka (Viṣṇuloka), and Tirunatu (Tirunāṭu) in Tamil, [2] is the abode of Vishnu, [3] the supreme deity in the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism, [4] [5]: 17 and his consort, Lakshmi, the supreme goddess of the sect.