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Dispersion of waves on water was studied by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1776. [ 7 ] The universality of the Kramers–Kronig relations (1926–27) became apparent with subsequent papers on the dispersion relation's connection to causality in the scattering theory of all types of waves and particles.
A dispersion fan diagram (left) in comparison with a box plot. A fan chart is made of a group of dispersion fan diagrams, which may be positioned according to two categorising dimensions. A dispersion fan diagram is a circular diagram which reports the same information about a dispersion as a box plot: namely median, quartiles, and two extreme ...
In statistics, dispersion (also called variability, scatter, or spread) is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed. [1] Common examples of measures of statistical dispersion are the variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range. For instance, when the variance of data in a set is large, the data is widely scattered.
This model explains the origin of the electronic dispersion relation, but the explanation for band gaps is subtle in this model. [2]: 121 The second model starts from the opposite limit, in which the electrons are tightly bound to individual atoms. The electrons of a single, isolated atom occupy atomic orbitals with discrete energy levels.
Atmospheric dispersion modeling is the mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere. It is performed with computer programs that include algorithms to solve the mathematical equations that govern the pollutant dispersion.
Dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency. [1] Sometimes the term chromatic dispersion is used to refer to optics specifically, as opposed to wave propagation in general. A medium having this common property may be termed a dispersive medium.
The equation describing the electrons' linear dispersion relation is = where the wavevector = + is measured from the Dirac points (the zero of energy is chosen here to coincide with the Dirac points). The equation uses a pseudospin matrix formula that describes two sublattices of the honeycomb lattice.
Dispersion (finance), a measure for the statistical distribution of portfolio returns; Price dispersion, a variation in prices across sellers of the same item; Wage dispersion, the amount of variation in wages encountered in an economy; Dispersed knowledge, notion that any one person is unable to perceive all economic forces