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Dispersion of waves on water was studied by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1776. [ 7 ] The universality of the Kramers–Kronig relations (1926–27) became apparent with subsequent papers on the dispersion relation's connection to causality in the scattering theory of all types of waves and particles.
A dispersion fan diagram (left) in comparison with a box plot. A fan chart is made of a group of dispersion fan diagrams, which may be positioned according to two categorising dimensions. A dispersion fan diagram is a circular diagram which reports the same information about a dispersion as a box plot: namely median, quartiles, and two extreme ...
Atmospheric dispersion modeling is the mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere. It is performed with computer programs that include algorithms to solve the mathematical equations that govern the pollutant dispersion.
A ray trace through a prism with apex angle α. Regions 0, 1, and 2 have indices of refraction, , and , and primed angles ′ indicate the ray's angle after refraction.. Ray angle deviation and dispersion through a prism can be determined by tracing a sample ray through the element and using Snell's law at each interface.
In statistics, dispersion (also called variability, scatter, or spread) is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed. [1] Common examples of measures of statistical dispersion are the variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range. For instance, when the variance of data in a set is large, the data is widely scattered.
Dispersion measure, the dispersion of radio signals from pulsars and fast radio bursts Dispersive mass transfer , in fluid dynamics, the spreading of mass from areas of high to low concentration Atmospheric dispersion modeling , mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere
The free "Dispersion Calculator" (DC) [5] software allows computation of dispersion diagrams for isotropic plates and multilayered anisotropic specimens. Experimental waveforms observed in plates can be understood by interpretation with reference to the dispersion curves.
The equation describing the electrons' linear dispersion relation is = where the wavevector = + is measured from the Dirac points (the zero of energy is chosen here to coincide with the Dirac points). The equation uses a pseudospin matrix formula that describes two sublattices of the honeycomb lattice.