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The normal range of GFR, adjusted for body surface area, is 100–130 average 125 mL/min/1.73m 2 in men and 90–120 ml/min/1.73m 2 in women younger than the age of 40. In children, GFR measured by inulin clearance is 110 mL/min/1.73 m 2 until 2 years of age in both sexes, and then it progressively decreases. After age 40, GFR decreases ...
The Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is regarded as the best overall measure of the kidney's ability to carry out these numerous functions. An estimate of the GFR is used clinically to determine the degree of kidney impairment and to track the progression of the disease. The GFR, however, does not reveal the source of the kidney disease.
Regulation of renal blood flow is important to maintaining a stable glomerular filtration rate (GFR) despite changes in systemic blood pressure (within about 80-180 mmHg). In a mechanism called tubuloglomerular feedback , the kidney changes its own blood flow in response to changes in sodium concentration.
An insulin-sensitizing medication called rosiglitazone is known to treat endothelial dysfunction. It has been demonstrated that this medication reduces renal end-organ damage in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria , improves nitric oxide bioavailability, and ameliorates glomerular hyperfiltration in patients with early type 2 ...
Chronic dehydration, such as from physically demanding jobs or decreased thirst, can lead to chronic kidney disease. [51] Elderly people with dehydration are at higher risk of confusion, urinary tract infections, falls, and even delayed wound healing. [52] In children with mild to moderate dehydration, oral hydration is adequate for a full ...
The aim is to achieve a systolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg in order to maintain tissue perfusion without inducing re-bleeding from recently clotted vessels. Permissive hypotension is a means of restricting fluid administration until hemorrhage is controlled while accepting a short period of suboptimal end-organ perfusion.
In children, compensation can result in an artificially high blood pressure despite hypovolemia (a decrease in blood volume). Children typically are able to compensate (maintain blood pressure despite hypovolemia) for a longer period than adults, but deteriorate rapidly and severely once they are unable to compensate ( decompensate ). [ 14 ]
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - This is a syndrome of the kidney that is characterized by rapid loss of kidney function (usually >50% decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) within 3 months) [23] with glomerular crescent formation frequently seen on kidney biopsy.