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Thin basement membrane disease is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by thin glomerular basement membranes on electron microscopy. It is a benign condition that causes persistent microscopic hematuria. This also may cause proteinuria which is usually mild and overall prognosis is excellent. [citation needed]
Minimal change disease: A disease that causes unregulated activity of the immune system that damages the glomerulus, causing glomerulonephrosis. The disease is "minimal" because lesions of the glomerulus can only be seen through an electron microscope. [6] Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: A disease in which scar tissue develops in the ...
Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, [5] is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. The triad of protein leaking into the urine (proteinuria or albuminuria ...
Nephrotic syndrome has many causes and may either be the result of a glomerular disease that can be either limited to the kidney, called primary nephrotic syndrome (primary glomerulonephrosis), or a condition that affects the kidney and other parts of the body, called secondary nephrotic syndrome.
Primary glomerular disease such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and IgA nephropathy ... Chronic kidney disease was the cause of 956,000 deaths globally in 2013 ...
More specifically, different diseases (many of which are mentioned above in the Causes section) affect different segments of the glomerulus and cause disease-specific segments of the glomerulus to become inflamed. Most often, it is dependent on what part of the glomerulus is damaged by antibody-antigen complex (immune complex) deposition. [9]
On electron microscopy, subepithelial deposits that nestle against the glomerular basement membrane seems to be the cause of the thickening. Also, the podocytes lose their foot processes. As the disease progresses, the deposits will eventually be cleared, leaving cavities in the basement membrane.
Nephritis can produce glomerular injury, by disturbing the glomerular structure with inflammatory cell proliferation. [10] This can lead to reduced glomerular blood flow, leading to reduced urine output ( oliguria ) [ 11 ] and retention of waste products ( uremia ). [ 12 ]