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Jablonski diagram including vibrational levels for absorbance, non-radiative decay, and fluorescence. When a molecule absorbs a photon, the photon energy is converted and increases the molecule's internal energy level. Likewise, when an excited molecule releases energy, it can do so in the form of a photon.
Jablonski diagram indicating intersystem crossing (left) and internal conversion (right). Internal conversion is a transition from a higher to a lower electronic state in a molecule or atom. [ 1 ] It is sometimes called "radiationless de-excitation", because no photons are emitted.
A Jablonski diagram describing the mechanism of triplet-triplet annihilation. The energy of the first triplet excited state (T 1) is transferred to a second triplet excited state (T 1), resulting in (1) the first T 1 returning to the singlet ground state S0 and (2) the second T 1 promoting to the singlet excited state (S 1).
Jablonski diagram of FRET with typical timescales indicated. The black dashed line indicates a virtual photon.. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence resonance energy transfer, resonance energy transfer (RET) or electronic energy transfer (EET) is a mechanism describing energy transfer between two light-sensitive molecules (chromophores). [1]
Thus, triplet states generally have longer lifetimes than singlet states. These transitions are usually summarized in a state energy diagram or Jablonski diagram, the paradigm of molecular photochemistry. These excited species, either S 1 or T 1, have a half-empty low-energy orbital, and are consequently more oxidizing than the ground state.
English: Jablonski diagram of absorbance, non-radiative decay, and fluorescence. Electronic transitions are about 1 eV. Vibrational transitions are about 0.1 eV. Rotational transitions (not shown) are about 0.001 eV. Absorption is about 1 femtosecond, relaxation takes about 1 picosecond, fluorescence takes about 1 nanosecond.
Jablonski diagram. After an electron absorbs a high-energy photon the system is excited electronically and vibrationally. The system relaxes vibrationally, and eventually fluoresces at a longer wavelength than the original high-energy photon had.
There are various types of energy level diagrams for bonds between atoms in a molecule. Examples Molecular orbital diagrams , Jablonski diagrams , and Franck–Condon diagrams.