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Willem Einthoven was born in Semarang on Java in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), the son of Louise Marie Mathilde Caroline de Vogel and Jacob Einthoven. [2] His father, a doctor, died when Willem was a child. His mother returned to the Netherlands with her children in 1870 and settled in Utrecht.
In 1904 he met Willem Einthoven at the International Physiological Congress in Brussels and then began to make use of a string galvanometer. He published on ECGs and vagus nerve stimulation experiments on frogs in 1908. [1] [2] He began to examine cardiac arrhythmias and their diagnosis. From 1903 to 1930 he worked at the department of zoology ...
Einthoven's triangle is an imaginary formation of three limb leads in a triangle used in the electrocardiography, formed by the two shoulders and the pubis. [1] The shape forms an inverted equilateral triangle with the heart at the center. It is named after Willem Einthoven, who theorized its existence. [2]
Einthoven also described the electrocardiographic features of a number of cardiovascular disorders. In 1897, the string galvanometer was invented by the French engineer Clément Ader. [92] In 1901, Einthoven, working in Leiden, the Netherlands, used the string galvanometer: the first practical ECG. [93]
The E-meter is a simple psycho-galvanometer. It's got some increased sensitivity built into it and the myological reactions that you sometimes get in the galvanometer have been damped out by the circuitry, so that the mental reactions, the reactions of the spirit, on the body are emphasized and can be read more clearly. But that's simply the ...
The contact point could be moved around the rotor following a precise degree indicator scale and the output appearing on a galvanometer, to be hand-graphed by the technician. [2] This process could only produce a very rough waveform approximation since it was formed over a period of several thousand wave cycles, but it was the first step in the ...
The operation of the Kelvin bridge is very similar to the Wheatstone bridge, but uses two additional resistors. Resistors R 1 and R 2 are connected to the outside potential terminals of the four terminal known or standard resistor R s and the unknown resistor R x (identified as P 1 and P′ 1 in the diagram).
They can also be derived by using a slightly modified version of the figure for the angle sum identities, both of which are shown here. These identities are summarized in the first two rows of the following table, which also includes sum and difference identities for the other trigonometric functions.