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Unprotected experiments in the U.S. in 1896 with an early X-ray tube (Crookes tube), when the dangers of radiation were largely unknown.[1]The history of radiation protection begins at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries with the realization that ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources can have harmful effects on living organisms.
On the late Friday evening of 8. November 1895, Röntgen discovered for the first time the rays which penetrate through solid materials and gave them the name X-rays.He presented this in a lecture and publication On a new type of rays - Über eine neue Art von Strahlen on 23 January 1896 at the Physical Medical Society of Würzburg.
On 11 January 1896 he made the first use of X-rays under clinical conditions when he radiographed the hand of an associate, revealing a sterilised needle beneath the surface. [4] A month later on 14 February he took the first radiograph to direct a surgical operation. He also took the first X-ray of the human spine.
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (/ ˈ r ɛ n t ɡ ə n,-dʒ ə n, ˈ r ʌ n t-/; [4] German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈʁœntɡən] ⓘ; anglicized as Roentgen; 27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German physicist, [5] who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the inaugural Nobel Prize in ...
[10] [11] Fleischman quickly exhibited a keen interest and became proficient with the various apparatus that were necessary to produce the X-rays. By 1897, one year after the discovery of X-rays by Röntgen, she had established an X-ray laboratory on Sutter Street in San Francisco. [12] There she examined patients on behalf of local physicians.
Henri Poincaré laid the seeds for the discovery of radioactivity through his interest in and studies of X-rays, which significantly influenced physicist Henri Becquerel. [5] Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by Becquerel and independently by Marie Curie , while working with phosphorescent materials.
1896 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovers the X-rays while studying electrons in plasma; scattering X-rays—that were considered as 'waves' of high-energy electromagnetic radiation—Arthur Compton will be able to demonstrate in 1922 the 'particle' aspect of electromagnetic radiation.
January 12 – H. L. Smith takes the first X-ray photograph. March 1 – French physicist Henri Becquerel discovers the principle of radioactive decay when he exposes photographic plates to uranium .