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  2. Trigonometric functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions

    Basis of trigonometry: if two right triangles have equal acute angles, they are similar, so their corresponding side lengths are proportional.. In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) [1] are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths.

  3. Small-angle approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-angle_approximation

    The red section on the right, d, is the difference between the lengths of the hypotenuse, H, and the adjacent side, A.As is shown, H and A are almost the same length, meaning cos θ is close to 1 and ⁠ θ 2 / 2 ⁠ helps trim the red away.

  4. Pythagorean theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem

    In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle.It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sides.

  5. IB Group 4 subjects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IB_Group_4_subjects

    For HL, questions in section A (45 marks) consists of the core of the option, which may be common to the SL paper, and questions in section B (20 marks) are based on the extension of the option. Paper 3 (HL only: 30 raw marks contributing 20% of the course, 1 hour) consists of 4 compulsory questions based on the pre-seen case study annually ...

  6. Mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics

    the development of Mathematics provides a tightly connected network of formal rules, concepts, and systems. Nodes of this network are closely bound to procedures useful in human activities and to questions arising in science. The transition from activities to the formal Mathematical systems is guided by a variety of general insights and ideas.

  7. Mathematics education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_education

    Exercises: the reinforcement of mathematical skills by completing large numbers of exercises of a similar type, such as adding simple fractions or solving quadratic equations. Rote learning : the teaching of mathematical results, definitions and concepts by repetition and memorisation typically without meaning or supported by mathematical ...

  8. Analytic geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_geometry

    In mathematics, analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate system.This contrasts with synthetic geometry.

  9. Ellipsoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsoid

    An ellipsoid is a surface that can be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation.. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a surface that may be defined as the zero set of a polynomial of degree two in three variables.