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Precipitation ranges from 750–1,250 millimetres (30–50 in) per year, which falls mostly as snow during the winter. [2] Temperatures average −11.5 to 1.5 °C (11 to 35 °F) in January and 5.5 to 19.5 °C (42 to 67 °F) in July, with a mean annual temperature around 4 °C (39 °F).
Because of the cold California Current from the North Pacific Ocean and the fact that the storms tend to "steer" west, California has only been hit with three tropical storms in recorded history, a storm which came ashore in 1939 and dumped heavy rainfall on the Los Angeles area and interior deserts. The remnants of tropical systems will affect ...
An alpine tree line is the highest elevation that sustains trees; higher up it is too cold, or the snow cover lasts for too much of the year, to sustain trees. [2]: 151 The climate above the tree line of mountains is called an alpine climate, [14]: 21 and the habitat can be described as the alpine zone. [15]
The lowest-elevation biotic zone in the Sierra Nevada is found along the boundary with the Central Valley. [5] This zone, stretching in elevation from 500 to 3,500 feet (150 to 1,070 m), is the foothill woodland zone, an area that is hot and dry in the summer with very little or no snow in the winter. [5]
Krummholz Pinus albicaulis in Wenatchee National Forest Wind-sculpted krummholz trees, Ona Beach, Oregon. Krummholz (German: krumm, "crooked, bent, twisted" and Holz, "wood") — also called knieholz ("knee timber") — is a type of stunted, deformed vegetation encountered in the subarctic and subalpine tree line landscapes, shaped by continual exposure to fierce, freezing winds.
The alpine zone, or alpine fell-field, is above the tree line, generally at 11,000 to 11,500 feet (3,400 to 3,500 m) in the south, [4] [5]: 8 and 9,900 feet (3,000 m) [6]: 17 to 10,500 feet (3,200 m) [4] in the north. The plants are influenced by having to endure long and very cold winters, poor to no soils, constant high winds, intense ...
Trees with shallow root systems. In warmer climates where the soil may not stay frozen all winter, shallow-rooted trees such as dogwood, redbud, and Japanese maple are vulnerable to damage from ...
White Mountain, an alpine environment at 4,300 metres (14,000 ft) above sea level in California. Alpine climate is the typical climate for elevations above the tree line, where trees fail to grow due to cold. This climate is also referred to as a mountain climate or highland climate.