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Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a mental disorder in children and adolescents characterized by a persistently irritable or angry mood and frequent temper outbursts that are disproportionate to the situation and significantly more severe than the typical reaction of same-aged peers.
For adolescents, cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy have been empirically supported as effective treatment options. [1] [20] For children and adolescents with moderate-to-severe depressive disorder, fluoxetine seems to be best treatment (either with or without cognitive behavioural therapy) but more research is needed to be ...
Follow-up treatment is still poorly studied, but about half of people who respond relapse with twelve months. [144] Aside from effects in the brain, the general physical risks of ECT are similar to those of brief general anesthesia. [145]: 259 Immediately following treatment, the most common adverse effects are confusion and memory loss.
The psychiatric assessment of a child or adolescent starts with obtaining a psychiatric history by interviewing the young person and his/her parents or caregivers. The assessment includes a detailed exploration of the current concerns about the child's emotional or behavioral problems, the child's physical health and development, history of parental care (including possible abuse and neglect ...
The first published figures on the 14 country surveys completed to date, indicate that, of those disorders assessed, anxiety disorders are the most common in all but 1 country (prevalence in the prior 12-month period of 2.4% to 18.2%) and mood disorders next most common in all but 2 countries (12-month prevalence of 0.8% to 9.6%), while ...
Mood stabilizers are used primarily in bipolar disorder, mainly targeting mania rather than depression. [32] Antipsychotics are used for psychotic disorders, notably in schizophrenia. However, they are also often used to treat bipolar disorder [33] in smaller doses to treat anxiety. [34] Stimulants are commonly used, notably for ADHD. [35]
Children usually "grow out" of their elimination disorders by the time they reach their teens. If treatment is necessary, the most effective choice for enuresis is behavior modification, which involves a special pad that the child sleeps on at night. If the pad gets wet, an alarm goes off and the child is directed to go to the bathroom.
Common treatment options are psychotherapy or psychiatric medication, while lifestyle changes, social interventions, peer support, and self-help are also options. In a minority of cases, there may be involuntary detention or treatment. Prevention programs have been shown to reduce depression. [10] [13]