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The Wi-Fi Alliance standardized these methods as Wi-Fi Protected Setup; however, the PIN feature as widely implemented introduced a major new security flaw. The flaw allows a remote attacker to recover the WPS PIN and, with it, the router's WPA/WPA2 password in a few hours. [ 45 ]
The Wi-Fi Alliance refers to their approved, interoperable implementation of the full 802.11i as WPA2, also called RSN (Robust Security Network). 802.11i makes use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) block cipher, whereas WEP and WPA use the RC4 stream cipher.
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP / t iː ˈ k ɪ p /) is a security protocol used in the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking standard. TKIP was designed by the IEEE 802.11i task group and the Wi-Fi Alliance as an interim solution to replace WEP without requiring the replacement of legacy hardware.
WPA was designed as an interim software-implementable solution for WEP that could forestall immediate deployment of new hardware. [22] However, TKIP (the basis of WPA) has reached the end of its designed lifetime, has been partially broken, and has been officially deprecated with the release of the 802.11-2012 standard. [23]
Only TKIP/AES frames are protected and WEP/open frames are not protected. The following management frames can be protected: Disassociate; Deauthenticate; Action Frames: Block ACK Request/Response (AddBA), QoS Admission Control, Radio Measurement, Spectrum Management, Fast BSS Transition; Channel Switch Announcement directed to a client (Unicast)
Wireless security is the prevention of unauthorized access or damage to computers or data using wireless networks, which include Wi-Fi networks. The term may also refer to the protection of the wireless network itself from adversaries seeking to damage the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the network.
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) better than WEP, a 'pre-standard' partial version of 802.11i 802.11i a.k.a. WPA2, uses AES and other improvements on WEP A5/1 and A5/2 cell phone encryption for GSM
CCMP is based on AES processing and uses a 128-bit key and a 128-bit block size. CCMP uses CCM with the following two parameters: M = 8; indicating that the MIC is 8 octets (eight bytes). L = 2; indicating that the Length field is 2 octets. A CCMP Medium Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) comprises five sections. The first is the MAC ...