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The number of available subnets is 2 n, where n is the number of bits used for the network portion of the address. There is an exception to this rule for 31-bit subnet masks, [ 11 ] which means the host identifier is only one bit long for two permissible addresses.
Number of addresses Largest CIDR block (subnet mask ... / 8, designed for / 48 routing blocks, in which users can create multiple subnets, as needed. RFC 4193 Block
Some large / 8 blocks of IPv4 addresses, the former Class A network blocks, are assigned in whole to single organizations or related groups of organizations, either by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), through the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), or a regional Internet registry.
Number of addresses Scope Description 0.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0–0.255.255.255 ... Used for benchmark testing of inter-network communications between two separate subnets [9]
Any user may use any of the reserved blocks. Typically, a network administrator will divide a block into subnets; for example, many home routers automatically use a default address range of 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.0.255 (192.168.0.0 / 24).
The number of addresses usable for addressing specific hosts in each network is always 2 N - 2, where N is the number of rest field bits, and the subtraction of 2 adjusts for the use of the all-bits-zero host value to represent the network address and the all-bits-one host value for use as a broadcast address. Thus, for a Class C address with 8 ...
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In routed subnets larger than / 31 or / 32, the number of available host addresses is usually reduced by two, namely the largest address, which is reserved as the broadcast address, and the smallest address, which identifies the network itself. [15] [16]