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Platinum was proposed by Sir William Siemens as an element for a resistance temperature detector at the Bakerian lecture in 1871: [2] it is a noble metal and has the most stable resistance–temperature relationship over the largest temperature range.
The Callendar–Van Dusen equation is an equation that describes the relationship between resistance (R) and temperature (T) of platinum resistance thermometers (RTD). As commonly used for commercial applications of RTD thermometers, the relationship between resistance and temperature is given by the following equations.
Werner von Siemens was the first to propose the use of a platinum resistance temperature detector in 1860, although his instrument readings were unstable. [2] Callendar developed an equation for the resistance of metal as a function of temperature, which was accurate to within 1% from 0-600 °C. [2]
The resistance wire in the thermometer is made of pure platinum (NIST manufactured the wires from platinum bar stock with a chemical purity of 99.999% by weight). [77] [78] In addition to laboratory uses, Platinum Resistance Thermometry (PRT) also has many industrial applications, industrial standards include ASTM E1137 and IEC 60751.
A thermistor is a semiconductor type of resistor in which the resistance is strongly dependent on temperature. The word thermistor is a portmanteau of thermal and resistor.The varying resistance with temperature allows these devices to be used as temperature sensors, or to control current as a function of temperature.
A thermocouple, also known as a "thermoelectrical thermometer", is an electrical device consisting of two dissimilar electrical conductors forming an electrical junction.A thermocouple produces a temperature-dependent voltage as a result of the Seebeck effect, and this voltage can be interpreted to measure temperature.
Vapor pressure–temperature relationship fixed by a specified function. [10] 3 24.5561 1 Helium gas thermometer: Calibrated at three fixed points in this range and interpolated in a specified way. [11] 13.8033 1234.93 11 Platinum resistance thermometer: Resistance calibrated at various fixed points and interpolated in a specified way.
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