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John Dalton FRS (/ ˈ d ɔː l t ən /; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. [1] He introduced the atomic theory into chemistry. He also researched colour blindness ; as a result, the umbrella term for red-green congenital colour blindness disorders is Daltonism in several languages.
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
Dalton thought that water was a "binary compound", i.e. one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom. Dalton did not know that in their natural gaseous state, the ultimate particles of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen exist in pairs (O 2, N 2, and H 2). Nor was he aware of valencies. These properties of atoms were discovered later in the 19th century.
1805: John Dalton: Atomic Theory in . 1820: Hans Christian Ørsted discovers that a current passed through a wire will deflect the needle of a compass, establishing the deep relationship between electricity and magnetism ( electromagnetism ).
1803 John Dalton introduces atomic ideas into chemistry and states that matter is composed of atoms of different weights; 1805 (approximate time) Thomas Young conducts the double-slit experiment with light; 1811 Amedeo Avogadro claims that equal volumes of gases should contain equal numbers of molecules
1871 and 1885: Discovery of the phenomenon Rayleigh scattering (which can be used to explain why the sky is blue), and prediction of the existence of surface waves by John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (1842–1919). [124] 1897: Discovery of the electron by J. J. Thomson (1856–1940).
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September 3 – English scientist John Dalton starts using symbols to represent the atoms of different chemical elements. October 21 – John Dalton's atomic theory and list of molecular weights first made known, at a lecture in Manchester. [5] [6] William Hyde Wollaston discovers the chemical element rhodium.