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The Sikh Empire was a regional power based in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. [4] It existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore , to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered by the British East India Company following the Second Anglo-Sikh War .
Jawahar Singh Aulakh (1814 – 21 September 1845), also anglicised as Jawaheer Singh or Jawahir Singh, was Wazir of the Sikh Empire from 14 May 1845 until his assassination by the Sikh Khalsa Army on 21 September of the same year, under his nephew Maharaja Duleep Singh. He was the elder brother of Jind Kaur, Duleep's mother. [1] [2]
The Dogra–Tibetan war, [2] [3] also called Sino-Sikh war [4] was fought from May 1841 to August 1842, between the forces of the Dogra Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu, under the suzerainty of the Sikh Empire, and those of Tibet under the protectorate of the Qing dynasty. [3]
Zorawar Singh (1784–12 December 1841) was a military general of the Dogra Rajput ruler, Gulab Singh, who served as the Raja of Jammu under the Sikh Empire. [3] [4] He served as the governor (wazir-e-wazarat) of Kishtwar and extended the territories of the kingdom by conquering Ladakh and Baltistan. [5]
The religious demography of the Sikh Empire was Muslim (80%), Sikh (10%), Hindu (10%). [199] The Sikh Empire's foundations can be traced back to 1707, following Aurangzeb's death and the decline of the Mughal Empire. As the Mughal power waned, the Dal Khalsa, the Sikh army, fought against Mughal remnants, Rajput leaders, Afghans, and Punjabi ...
The Sikh kingdoms were mostly established in the region from the Sutlej river to the Delhi area, although some, such as Kapurthala and the Sikh Empire, laid in the trans-Sutlej region. [3] A breakthrough was achieved when the Sikhs successfully took-over Delhi in the early 1780's, which allowed them to construct gurdwaras in the area. [5]
Sino-Sikh War, May 1841 to August 1842, General Zorawar Singh Kahluria of the Sikh Empire invaded Qing Tibet; First Anglo-Afghan War, 1837-1842 [2]; Missionaries from the Presbyterian Church of Wales found the Presbyterian Church in India in the Khasi Hills in northeast India [3]
The mid 19th-century Muslim historians, such as Shahamat Ali who experienced the Sikh Empire first hand, presented a different view on Ranjit Singh's Empire and governance. [ 89 ] [ 90 ] According to Ali, Ranjit Singh's government was despotic, and he was a mean monarch in contrast to the Mughals. [ 89 ]