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The Sikh Empire, officially known as Sarkār-i-Khālsa and Khālasa Rāj, [citation needed] was a regional power based in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. [7] It existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered by the British East India Company in the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Detail of a painting of the royal court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, by Bishan Singh, ca.1863–64.Court chroniclers can be viewed scribing down Khalsa Darbar records. The extant records covers the years 1811–1849 (Samvat 1868 to Chet 1906 B.S.), covering a period of 38 years, though the Pakistani government claims to possess records dating earlier to 1804.
After the oppressive anti-Sikh government policy failed to get rid of the Sikh threat, the Mughal government decided to try pacifying the Sikhs by granting them an official jagir (estate) grant. [5] Upon Sikh request, a Nawab title was offered to the Sikhs, which was bestowed upon Kapur Singh in 1733 (since Darbara Singh had rejected it ...
Sino-Sikh War, May 1841 to August 1842, General Zorawar Singh Kahluria of the Sikh Empire invaded Qing Tibet; First Anglo-Afghan War, 1837-1842 [2]; Missionaries from the Presbyterian Church of Wales found the Presbyterian Church in India in the Khasi Hills in northeast India [3]
When Singh died in 1839, the Sikh Empire began to fall into disorder. There was a succession of short-lived rulers at the central Durbar (court), and increasing tension between the Khalsa (the Sikh Army) and the Durbar. In May 1841, the Dogra dynasty (a vassal of the Sikh Empire) invaded western Tibet, [8] marking the beginning of the Sino-Sikh ...
The Dogra–Tibetan war [2] [3] or Sino-Sikh war [4] was fought from May 1841 to August 1842, between the forces of the Dogra Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu, under the suzerainty of the Sikh Empire, and those of Tibet, [3] under the protectorate of the Qing dynasty.
The Battle of Nowshera (Pashto: د نوښار جګړه; Punjabi: ਨੌਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ (), نوشہرہ دی لڑائی ()) was fought in Nowshera in March 1823 collectively by the Yusufzai Afghans, supported by the Peshawar sardars, alongside Azim Khan Barakzai, the Afghan governor of Peshawar, where they would face the Sikh armies led by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
The mid 19th-century Muslim historians, such as Shahamat Ali who experienced the Sikh Empire first hand, presented a different view on Ranjit Singh's Empire and governance. [ 86 ] [ 87 ] According to Ali, Ranjit Singh's government was despotic, and he was a mean monarch in contrast to the Mughals. [ 86 ]