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Systems biology can be considered from a number of different aspects. As a field of study, particularly, the study of the interactions between the components of biological systems, and how these interactions give rise to the function and behavior of that system (for example, the enzymes and metabolites in a metabolic pathway or the heart beats).
Ageing (or aging in American English) is the process of becoming older.The term refers mainly to humans, many other animals, and fungi, whereas for example, bacteria, perennial plants and some simple animals are potentially biologically immortal. [1]
Complex systems biology is a field of science that studies the emergence of complexity in functional organisms from the viewpoint of dynamic systems theory. [20] The latter is also often called systems biology and aims to understand the most fundamental aspects of life.
A biological system is a complex network which connects several biologically relevant entities. Biological organization spans several scales and are determined based different structures depending on what the system is. [1]
In other systems, such as Lynn Margulis's system of five kingdoms, the plants included just the land plants (Embryophyta), and Protoctista has a broader definition. [12] [page needed] Following publication of Whittaker's system, the five-kingdom model began to be commonly used in high school biology textbooks. [13]
A rooted tree of life into three ancient monophyletic lineages: bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes based on rRNA genes Lineages are typically visualized as subsets of a phylogenetic tree.
Q-system is a genetic tool that allows to express transgenes in a living organism. [1] Originally the Q-system was developed [ 2 ] [ 3 ] for use in the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster , and was rapidly adapted for use in cultured mammalian cells , [ 2 ] zebrafish , [ 4 ] worms [ 5 ] and mosquitoes . [ 6 ]
With the system, researchers could investigate the function of their favorite gene in determining cell fate by designing a genetic model where within a cell one recombination event is designed for manipulating the gene of interest and the other recombination event is designed for activating a reporter gene.