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Furthermore, anti-histone antibodies can also be positive in drug-induced lupus. [citation needed] Anti-Histone antibodies are positive in up to 95% of patients with drug induced lupus. The most common medications associated with drug induced lupus are hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, methyldopa, chlorpromazine, quinidine, and minocycline. [9]
A value of greater than 1.5 units relative to a control serum is considered a positive ELISA test for the anti-histone antibodies. Patients with drug-induced lupus erythematosus typically have positive tests for anti-histone antibodies but do not have indications for anti-dsDNA antibodies. Patients with idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus ...
Subtypes of antinuclear antibodies include anti-Smith and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (which are linked to SLE) and anti-histone antibodies (which are linked to drug-induced lupus). Anti-dsDNA antibodies are highly specific for SLE; they are present in 70% of cases, whereas they appear in only 0.5% of people without SLE. [13]
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (i.e., cSLE), also termed juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, and pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus, is a form of the chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (i.e., SLE), that develops in individuals up to 18 years old. [1]
Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. [1] Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints , skin , kidneys , blood cells , heart , and lungs .
Certain chemical agents and drugs can also be associated with the genesis of autoimmune conditions, or conditions that simulate autoimmune diseases. The most striking of these is the drug-induced lupus erythematosus. Usually, withdrawal of the offending drug cures the symptoms in a patient.
A study conducted in 2018 screened patients with wheat related disorders for 10 anti-ENA antibodies. SSA (Ro) SSB (La) RNP/Sm; Jo-1; Sm; Scl-70; Chromatin; Centromere; Histone; RNA polymerase III; 73% of celiac disease subjects tested positive for anti-histone and was the most prevalent, which is typically associated with drug-induced lupus ...
Many drugs are known to cause drug induced lupus and they produce various antigenic targets within the nucleosome that are often cross reactive with several histone proteins and DNA. Procainamide causes a form of drug-induced lupus that produces antibodies to the histone H2A and H2B complex. [40] [41]