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According to the Book of Genesis, the Midianites were the descendants of Midian, a son of Abraham and his wife Keturah: "Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah. And she bare him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah" (Genesis 25:1–2, King James Version). [4]
According to the Hebrew Bible, Midian (Hebrew: מִדְיָן Miḏyān) is the fourth son of Abraham and Keturah, [1] the woman Abraham married after Sarah's death. His brothers are Zimran , Jokshan , Medan , Ishbak and Shuah .
Jethro is called a priest of Midian and became father-in-law of Moses after he gave his daughter, Zipporah, in marriage to Moses. He is introduced in Exodus 2:18. Jethro is recorded as living in Midian, a territory stretching along the eastern edge of the Gulf of Aqaba, northwestern Arabia. Some believe Midian is within the Sinai Peninsula ...
Ephah (/ ˈ iː f ə /, [1] Hebrew: עֵיפָה ʿĒp̄ā, Septuagint Γαιφα, Gaipha) was one of Midian's five sons as listed in the Hebrew Bible. [2] Midian, a son of Abraham, was the father of Ephah, Epher, Enoch, Abida, and Eldaah by his wife Keturah (Genesis 25:4 ; 1 Chronicles 1:33). These five were the progenitors of the Midianites. [3]
In Exodus 3:1 Jethro is said to have been a "priest in the land of Midian" and a resident of Midian (Numbers 10:29). This has led many scholars to believe that the terms "Kenite" and "Midianite" are intended (at least in parts of the Bible) to be used interchangeably, or that the Kenites formed a part of the Midianite tribal grouping.
The following is a family tree for the descendants of the line of Noah's son Shem, through Abraham to Jacob and his sons. Dashed lines are marriage connections. Not all individuals in this portion of the Bible are given names. For example, one English translation of the Bible states in Genesis 11:13 that "After the birth of Shelah,
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown added that Yahweh wanted to spare the Moabites because they were the descendants of Lot [note 7] (Deuteronomy 2:9). [24] Victor P. Hamilton concluded in 2005 that Yahweh commanded holy war against Midian "in retaliation for the latter's seduction of Israel into acts of harlotry and idolatry". [31]
[2] [3] Medan had five brothers, Zimran, Jokshan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. [4] Josephus tells us that "Abraham contrived to settle them in colonies; and they took possession of Troglodytis and the country of Arabia Felix (Arabia the Happy), as far as it reaches to the Red Sea." [5] Little else is known about him. [6]