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In some, the x-ray findings may correspond to symptoms of back stiffness with flexion/extension or with mild back pain. [2] Back pain or stiffness may be worse in the morning. [4] Rarely, large anterior cervical spine osteophytes may affect the esophagus or the larynx and cause pain, difficulty swallowing [5] [6] or even dyspnea. [7]
A CXR of a person with lung cancer, which was causing superior vena cava syndrome A CT image showing compression of the right hilar structures by cancer. The main techniques of diagnosing SVCS are with chest X-rays (CXR), CT scans, transbronchial needle aspiration at bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy. [6]
Projectional radiography, also known as conventional radiography, [1] is a form of radiography and medical imaging that produces two-dimensional images by X-ray radiation. The image acquisition is generally performed by radiographers, and the images are often examined by radiologists. Both the procedure and any resultant images are often simply ...
The Pancoast tumor was first described by Hare in 1838 as a "tumor involving certain nerves". [2] It was not until 1924 that the tumor was described in further detail, when Henry Pancoast, a radiologist from Philadelphia, published an article in which he reported and studied many cases of apical chest tumors that all shared the same radiographic findings and associated clinical symptoms, such ...
In anteroposterior (AP) views, the positions of the x-ray source and detector are reversed: the x-ray beam enters through the anterior aspect and exits through the posterior aspect of the chest. AP chest x-rays are harder to read than PA x-rays and are therefore generally reserved for situations where it is difficult for the patient to get an ...
Snowstorm appearance (lung) Snowstorm appearance; Snowstorm pattern (breast) Soap bubbly appearance; Soft tissue rim sign; Sonographic Murphy sign; Southwick angle; Spaghetti sign; Spalding's sign; Spilled teacup sign; Spine sign; Spinnaker sail sign; Split pleura sign; Spoke wheel appearance; Spotted nephrogram; Stack of coins appearance ...
The distinction is important because cystic lesions are unlikely to be cancer, while cavitary lesions are often caused by cancer. [3] Diagnosis of a lung cavity is made with a chest X-ray or CT scan of the chest, [2] which helps to exclude mimics like lung cysts, emphysema, bullae, and cystic bronchiectasis. [5]
Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) has long been divided into two clinicopathological stages, termed limited stage (LS) and extensive stage (ES). [8] The stage is generally determined by the presence or absence of metastases, whether or not the tumor appears limited to the thorax, and whether or not the entire tumor burden within the chest can feasibly be encompassed within a single radiotherapy ...