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Superheavy elements, also known as transactinide elements, transactinides, or super-heavy elements, or superheavies for short, are the chemical elements with atomic number greater than 104. [1] The superheavy elements are those beyond the actinides in the periodic table; the last actinide is lawrencium (atomic number 103).
Despite these unsuccessful attempts to observe long-lived superheavy nuclei, [34] new superheavy elements were synthesized every few years in laboratories through light-ion bombardment and cold fusion [k] reactions; rutherfordium, the first transactinide, was discovered in 1969, and copernicium, eight protons closer to the island of stability ...
Transuranic elements may be used to synthesize superheavy elements. [7] Elements of the island of stability have potentially important military applications, including the development of compact nuclear weapons. [8] The potential everyday applications are vast; americium is used in devices such as smoke detectors and spectrometers. [9] [10]
118 chemical elements have been identified and named officially by IUPAC. A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [1]
Hassium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Hs and atomic number 108. It is highly radioactive: its most stable known isotopes have half-lives of about ten seconds. [a] One of its isotopes, 270 Hs, has magic numbers of protons and neutrons for deformed nuclei, giving it greater stability against spontaneous fission.
In 1996, the Russian team proposed the name becquerelium after Henri Becquerel. [59] The American team in 1997 proposed the name hahnium [60] after Otto Hahn (previously this name had been used for element 105). The name darmstadtium (Ds) was suggested by the GSI team in honor of the city of Darmstadt, where the element was discovered.
Although the IUPAC systematic names are widely used in the chemical community on all levels, from chemistry classrooms to advanced textbooks, scientists who work theoretically or experimentally on superheavy elements typically call it "element 120", with the symbol E120, (120) or 120.
Extinct isotopes of superheavy elements are isotopes of superheavy elements whose half-lives were too short to have lasted through the formation of the Solar System, [1] and because they are not replenished by natural processes, can nowadays only be found as their decay products (from alpha decay, cluster decay or spontaneous fission) trapped within sediment and meteorite samples dating ...