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The lumbar plexus is a web of nerves (a nerve plexus) in the lumbar region of the body which forms part of the larger lumbosacral plexus. It is formed by the divisions of the first four lumbar nerves (L1-L4) and from contributions of the subcostal nerve (T12), which is the last thoracic nerve .
The first three lumbar nerves, and the greater part of the fourth together form the lumbar plexus. The smaller part of the fourth joins with the fifth to form the lumbosacral trunk, which assists in the formation of the sacral plexus. The fourth nerve is named the furcal nerve, from the fact that it is subdivided between the two plexuses.
The ilioinguinal nerve is a branch of the first lumbar nerve (L1). It separates from the first lumbar nerve along with the larger iliohypogastric nerve.It emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major just inferior to the iliohypogastric, and passes obliquely across the quadratus lumborum and iliacus.
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is a nerve of the lumbar plexus. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] It arises from the anterior rami of the second and third lumbar nerves (L2-L3). [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
The genitofemoral nerve is a mixed branch of the lumbar plexus derived from anterior rami of L1-L2.It splits a genital branch and a femoral branch.It provides sensory innervation to the upper anterior thigh, as well as the skin of the anterior scrotum in males and mons pubis in females.
The lateral cutaneous branch ("iliac branch") pierces the internal oblique muscles and the external oblique muscles immediately above the iliac crest. [4] It is distributed to the skin of the gluteal region, behind the lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve; the size of this branch bears an inverse proportion to that of the lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve.
The lumbosacral trunk is formed by the union of the entire anterior ramus of lumbar nerve L5 and a part of L4 [clarification needed]. [1] [2] [3] L4 first issues its branches to the lumbar plexus, then emerges from the medial border of the psoas muscle [3] to unite with the anterior ramus of L5 just superior to the pelvic brim to form the thick, cord-like trunk which [4] crosses the pelvic ...
The lumbar plexus block is an advanced technique indicated for hip, anterior thigh, and knee surgery. [54] The lumbar plexus is composed of nerves originating from L1 to L4 spinal roots such as the iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral, and obturator nerves. [54]