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AIDS was first recognized by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1981 and its cause—HIV infection—was identified in the early part of the decade. [21] Between the first time AIDS was readily identified through 2024, the disease is estimated to have caused at least 42.3 million deaths worldwide. [ 5 ]
The AIDS epidemic, caused by HIV, found its way to the United States between the 1970s and 1980s, [2] but was first noticed after doctors discovered clusters of Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia in homosexual men in Los Angeles, New York City, and San Francisco in 1981.
Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [1] [2] a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. [3] Without treatment, the average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. [4]
Another cause is the breakdown of the immune surveillance system of the mucosal barrier caused by the depletion of mucosal CD4 + T cells during the acute phase of disease. [ 7 ] This results in the systemic exposure of the immune system to microbial components of the gut’s normal flora, which in a healthy person is kept in check by the ...
The evidence that HIV causes AIDS is generally considered conclusive among pathologists. [133] Most arguments for denialism are based on misrepresentations of outdated data. [ 134 ] [ 135 ] The belief that HIV was created by the US government as a bioweapon , an idea invented by a Soviet propaganda operation , [ 136 ] [ 137 ] is held by a ...
However, the first definitions of AIDS mentioned no cause and the first AIDS diagnoses were made before HIV was discovered. The addition of HIV positivity to surveillance criteria as an absolutely necessary condition for case reporting occurred only in 1993, after a scientific consensus was established that HIV caused AIDS. [16] [17] [18] [19]
The AIDS and HIV initiative PEPFAR, which is implemented by USAID, is estimated to have saved over 25 million lives since it was established in 2003, for example. And it does so rather ...
The Duesberg hypothesis was developed by American biologist Peter Duesberg who argued AIDS was caused by noninfectious factors, such as recreational and pharmaceutical drug use, and that HIV is merely a harmless passenger virus. This hypothesis is widely regarded as lacking supporting evidence, overlooking contrary evidence, and being ...