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The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is a widely used mathematical model that describes soil erosion processes. [1]Erosion models play critical roles in soil and water resource conservation and nonpoint source pollution assessments, including: sediment load assessment and inventory, conservation planning and design for sediment control, and for the advancement of scientific understanding.
Soil loss tolerance for a specific soil, also known as the T value, which can be calculated with = + [1] formula, is the maximum average annual soil loss expressed as tons per acre per year that will permit current production levels to be maintained economically and indefinitely.
It is an empirical formula that says that infiltration starts at a constant rate, , and is decreasing exponentially with time, . After some time when the soil saturation level reaches a certain value, the rate of infiltration will level off to the rate f c {\displaystyle f_{c}} .
The bulk density of soil depends greatly on the mineral make up of soil and the degree of compaction. [3] The density of quartz is around 2.65 g/cm 3 but the (dry) bulk density of a mineral soil is normally about half that density, between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm 3.
For a gravel to be classified as well graded, the following criteria must be met: C u > 4 & 1 < C c < 3 If both of these criteria are not met, the gravel is classified as poorly graded or GP. If both of these criteria are met, the gravel is classified as well graded or GW. For a sand to be classified as well graded, the following criteria must ...
Allen Hazen derived an empirical formula for approximating hydraulic conductivity from grain-size analyses: = where Hazen's empirical coefficient, which takes a value between 0.0 and 1.5 (depending on literature), with an average value of 1.0. A.F. Salarashayeri & M. Siosemarde indicate C is usually between 1.0 and 1.5, with D in mm and K in cm/s.
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The dry bulk density of a soil greatly depends on the mineral assemblage making up the soil and on its degree of compaction.The density of quartz is around 2.65 g/cm 3 but the dry bulk density of a soil can be less than half that value.
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