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Chilean women's societal roles have historically been impacted by traditional gender roles and a patriarchal culture, but throughout the twentieth century, women increasingly involved themselves in politics and protest, resulting in provisions to the constitution to uphold equality between men and women and prohibit sex discrimination.
The Chilean government esteems Catholicism, which puts women in a patriarchal, domesticated setting, and has been used as reasoning for restricting women's rights. Even though the first woman (Domitila Silva Y Lepe) voted in 1875, voting was still considered a barrier well into the 1900s to women's rights in Chile. [26]
Women's suffrage in Chile was introduced on the communal level in 1935, and on national level on 8 January 1949. [1] It was the product of a long period of activism, tracing back to 1877, when women were allowed to attend university, a reform which stimulated the formation of a women's movement.
On 11 September 1973 a military junta toppled President Salvador Allende in a coup d'état and installed General Augusto Pinochet as head of the new regime. [4] [5] This was a dictatorial, authoritarian regime which trampled on human rights with the use of torture, disappearances, illegal and secret arrest, and extrajudicial killings.
A study measuring sexual violence victimization at Pontifica Universidad Catolica de Chile (PUC) was conducted in April 2018. They found that women were likely to be victimized more than men, with 22% of women and 10% of men. Most cases had men as perpetrators (89%) and were known to the victim (72%) either as a partner or friend. [8]
The National Women's Service (Spanish: Servicio Nacional de la Mujer; SERNAM) is a public service in Chile, a functionally decentralized organization, with its own funding, which is part of the cabinet-level Ministry of Planning and Cooperation under the President of Chile, created January 3, 1991 by the Law N° 19,023, with the goal of promoting the equality of men and women.
Chilean women's rights activists (1 C, 10 P) F. Feminism in Chile (2 C, 4 P) P. Prostitution in Chile (1 C, 2 P) S. Women's suffrage in Chile (1 C, 7 P) V.
The First Women's National Congress (Spanish: Primer Congreso Nacional de Mujeres) was held in Santiago between October and November 1944 and was fundamental in consolidating a unity of women's organizations. This meeting directly led to the creation of FECHIF with the principal goal of fighting for political rights for women, mainly suffrage. [5]