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Salona (Ancient Greek: Σάλωνα, Latin: Salo) was an ancient city and the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia. [1] It was the last residence of the final western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos and acted as the de facto capital of the Western Roman Empire during the years 476-480.
Julius Nepos became the governor of Dalmatia even though he was a relative of the emperor of the East, Leo I the Thracian, and Dalmatia was under the western part of the Roman empire. Dalmatia remained an autonomous area. In 474, Leo I elevated Nepos as emperor of the western part of the empire in order to depose Glycerius, a usurper
He fought there for two years, reduced a great part of Dalmatia and seized Salona (near today's Solin, near Split, Croatia), one of the major towns in Dalmatia. [15] [16] Later the Roman settlement of Colonia Martia Iulia Salona was founded, probably after the Roman civil wars.
Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 481 A.D. Dalmatia briefly fell under Gothic rulers who had also conquered Italy - Odoacer and Theodoric the Great. During the rule of the Ostrogoths , Dalmatia was united with the Pannonian area south of the Drava river into a single military-administrative unit, which was governed from Salona.
Dalmatia was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor Diocletian, who, when he retired as Emperor in 305 AD, built a large palace near Salona, from which the city of Split later developed. [11] [12] A map of the Istrian peninsula from the Roman map Tabula Peutingeriana, made sometime in the 4th century
Cohors prima Delmatarum milliaria equitata ("1st part-mounted double-strength Cohort of Dalmatae") was a Roman auxiliary mixed infantry and cavalry regiment. It was named after, and originally recruited from, the Dalmatae (or Delmatae), an Illyrian-speaking people that inhabited the Adriatic coastal mountain range of the eponymous Dalmatia.
The boundaries of the eight original Dalmatian city-states were defined by the so-called Dalmatian Pale, the boundary of Roman local laws. [citation needed]Historian Johannes Lucius included Flumen (now Rijeka) and Sebenico (now Šibenik) after the year 1000, when Venice started to take control of the region, in the Dalmatian Pale.
Panorama of amphitheatre in Salona. Diocletian was born in Dalmatia, probably at or near the town of Salona (modern Solin, Croatia), to which he retired later in life.His original name was Diocles (in full, Gaius Valerius Diocles), [4] possibly derived from Dioclea, the name of both his mother and her supposed place of birth. [5]