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Natural protein concentrates (often used in bodybuilding or as sports dietary supplements): Soy protein isolate (prepared with sodium or potassium): 80.66; Whey protein isolate: 79; Egg white, dried: 81.1; Spirulina alga, dried: 57.45 (more often quoted as 55 to 77) Baker's yeast: 38.33; Hemp husks 30
The US FDA official methods to calculate the PER are as stated in the Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 16th ed. (1995) Section 45.3.05, AOAC Official Method 982.30 Protein Efficiency Ratio Calculation Method; and Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 18th ed. (2005).
The tables below include tabular lists for selected basic foods, compiled from United States Dept. of Agriculture sources.Included for each food is its weight in grams, its calories, and (also in grams,) the amount of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, fat, and saturated fat. [1]
The foodstuffs listed for comparison show the essential amino acid content per unit of the total protein of the food, 100g of spinach, for example, only contains 2.9g of protein (6% Daily Value), and of that protein 1.36% is tryptophan. [2] [7] (note that the examples have not been corrected for digestibility)
[3] [4] Limiting the food intake after reaching the satiety value helps reduce obesity problems. [5] [6] Foods with the most satiation per calorie are often: high in certain proteinase inhibitors that suppress appetite - e.g. potatoes [7] [8] high in protein (which takes longer to digest than other energy sources) - e.g. meat
Protein quality is the digestibility and quantity of essential amino acids for providing the proteins in correct ratios for human consumption. There are various methods that rank the quality of different types of protein , some of which are outdated and no longer in use, or not considered as useful as they once were thought to be.
According to the American College of Sports Medicine, pre-exercise protein may improve overall body composition by building muscle, burning fat and increasing calorie burning for up to 48 hours.
For an overall efficiency of 20%, one watt of mechanical power is equivalent to 18 kJ/h (4.3 kcal/h). For example, a manufacturer of rowing equipment shows calories released from "burning" food as four times the actual mechanical work, plus 1,300 kJ (300 kcal) per hour, [16] which amounts to about 20% efficiency at 250 watts of mechanical output.