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Coptic literature is the body of writings in the Coptic language of Egypt, the last stage of the indigenous Egyptian language. It is written in the Coptic alphabet . The study of the Coptic language and literature is called Coptology .
The autobiography has been called the oldest form of Egyptian literature. [3] The Nile had a strong influence on the writings of the ancient Egyptians, [4] as did Greco-Roman poets who came to Alexandria to be supported by the many patrons of the arts who lived there, and to make use of the resources of the Library of Alexandria. [5]
The educational text Book of Kemit, dated to the Eleventh dynasty, contains a list of epistolary greetings and a narrative with an ending in letter form and suitable terminology for use in commemorative biographies. [150] Other letters of the early Middle Kingdom have also been found to use epistolary formulas similar to the Book of Kemit. [151]
Emmanuel de Rougé, who began studying Egyptian in 1839, was the first person to translate a full-length ancient Egyptian text; he published the first translations of Egyptian literary texts in 1856. In the words of one of de Rougé's students, Gaston Maspero , "de Rougé gave us the method which allowed us to utilise and bring to perfection ...
Ludin Jansen argued that the original version was written in Demotic in the 2nd century BC and only much later reworked in Coptic. [13] Jansen argues that the original author was a Hellenized Egyptian. He denies that he was an Egyptian priest because the text is "devoid of any religious interest whatever".
The "Coptic period" is an informal designation for Late Roman Egypt (3rd−4th centuries) and Byzantine Egypt (4th−7th centuries).This era was defined by the religious shifts in Egyptian culture to Coptic Christianity from ancient Egyptian religion, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in the 7th century.
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The population of Roman Egypt is unknown, although estimates vary from 4 to 8 million. [3] [1] Alexandria, its capital, was the largest port and second largest city of the Roman Empire. [4] [5] Three Roman legions garrisoned Egypt in the early Roman imperial period, with the garrison later reduced to two, alongside auxilia formations of the ...