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Anti-individualism (also known as content externalism) is an approach to linguistic meaning in philosophy, [1] the philosophy of psychology, [2] and linguistics.. The proponents arguing for anti-individualism in these areas have in common the view that what seems to be internal to the individual is to some degree dependent on the social environment, thus self-knowledge, intentions, reasoning ...
Giving alms to the poor is often considered an altruistic action.. Altruism is the concern for the well-being of others, independently of personal benefit or reciprocity.. The word altruism was popularised (and possibly coined) by the French philosopher Auguste Comte in French, as altruisme, for an antonym of egoism. [1]
It is pessimistic about the capacity of human beings to make correct ethical choices; in this aspect, naiveté is an antonym. [3] Modern cynicism is sometimes regarded as a product of mass society , especially in those circumstances where the individual believes there is a conflict between society's stated motives and goals and actual motives ...
Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, and social outlook that emphasizes the intrinsic worth of the individual. [1] [2] Individualists promote realizing one's goals and desires, valuing independence and self-reliance, and advocating that the interests of the individual should gain precedence over the state or a social group, while opposing external interference ...
Monotonicity M (Positive Association of Individual and Social Values), as in Arrow (1987, p. 125): For a given set of orderings with social ordering R, such that state x is socially preferred to state y, if the preference for x rises in some individual ordering(s) and falls in none, x is also socially preferred to y in the social ordering for ...
[clarification needed] Moral, religious, and personal values, when held rigidly, may also give rise to conflicts that result from a clash between differing world views. [21] Over time the public expression of personal values that groups of people find important in their day-to-day lives, lay the foundations of law, custom and tradition.
Recent critiques of moral foundations theory have also highlighted the limitations of relying solely on moral values to explain moral cognition. Beal [ 74 ] argues that moral cognition is fundamentally shaped by ontological framing, which refers to the ways in which individuals perceive and attribute inherent value to entities in their moral ...
Those who criticize the theory of social atomism believe that it neglects the idea of the individual as unique. The sociologist Elizabeth Wolgast asserts that, . From the atomistic standpoint, the individuals who make up a society are interchangeable like molecules in a bucket of water – society a mere aggregate of individuals.