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Thyroid dysgenesis is a cause of congenital hypothyroidism [1] where the thyroid is missing (thyroid agenesis), ectopic, or severely underdeveloped. It should not be confused with iodine deficiency , or with other forms of congenital hypothyroidism , such as thyroid dyshormonogenesis , where the thyroid is present but not functioning correctly.
Changes in the definition of hypothyroidism and treatment options modify the incidence and prevalence of the disease overall. Treatment using levothyroxine is individualized, and therefore allows the disease to be more manageable with time but does not work as a cure for the disease.
Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones [1] that travel through the blood to help regulate many other organs, meaning that it is an endocrine organ. These hormones normally act in the body to regulate energy use ...
The thyroid has variable lymphatic drainage to the internal jugular chain, para-tracheal region, mediastinum, and retropharyngeal area. It has homogeneous high attenuation values on a CT scan, as compared to adjacent muscles, due to its high iodine concentration. It shows avid iodine contrast enhancement due to its hypervascularity. [1]
Echogenicity (sometimes as echogenecity) or echogeneity is the ability to bounce an echo, e.g. return the signal in medical ultrasound examinations. In other words, echogenicity is higher when the surface bouncing the sound echo reflects increased sound waves.
Low levels of thyroid hormones can lead to symptoms including fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry, flakey skin, loss of hair and inability to concentrate.
Measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid antibodies will help decide if there is a functional thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis present, a known cause of a benign nodular goitre. [4] Fine needle biopsy for cytopathology is also used. [5] [6] [7] Thyroid nodules are extremely common in young adults and children.
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