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The abdominal organs may be classified as solid organs or hollow organs. The solid organs are the liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and adrenal glands. The hollow organs of the abdomen are the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bladder, and rectum. [6] In the thoracic cavity, the heart is a hollow, muscular organ. [7]
The proteome is the entire complement of proteins, including the modifications made to a particular set of proteins, produced by an organism or system. Proteomics: Large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Mass spectrometry techniques are used.
The words protein, polypeptide, and peptide are a little ambiguous and can overlap in meaning. Protein is generally used to refer to the complete biological molecule in a stable conformation, whereas peptide is generally reserved for a short amino acid oligomers often lacking a stable 3D structure. But the boundary between the two is not well ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Proteins are very large molecules—macro-biopolymers—made from monomers called amino acids. An amino acid consists of an alpha carbon atom attached to an amino group, –NH 2 , a carboxylic acid group, –COOH (although these exist as –NH 3 + and –COO − under physiologic conditions), a simple hydrogen atom , and a side chain commonly ...
Therefore organoids derived from stem cells enable studying biology and physiology at the organ level. [26] The 3D medium can be made using an extracellular matrix hydrogel such as Matrigel or Cultrex BME, which is a laminin -rich extracellular matrix that is secreted by the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor line. [ 10 ]
An organ system is a biological system consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. [1] Each organ has a specialized role in an organism body, and is made up of distinct tissues .
Organ culture is the cultivation of either whole organs or parts of organs in vitro. [1] It is a development from tissue culture methods of research, as the use of the actual in vitro organ itself allows for more accurate modelling of the functions of an organ in various states and conditions. [2]